https://ijciar.com/index.php/journal/issue/feed 2026-03-24T03:09:59-04:00 Open Journal Systems International Journal of Current Innovations in Advanced Research https://ijciar.com/index.php/journal/article/view/212 2026-03-24T03:09:59-04:00 Vinod Kumar K saappublications@gmail.com Abdul SK saappublications@gmail.com Satya Stephen Babu T saappublications@gmail.com Rajesh SD P saappublications@gmail.com Musthakheem Ali saappublications@gmail.com Gnanendra Y saappublications@gmail.com

<p>Transdermal drug delivery has emerged as a promising alternative to oral and injectable routes, offering non-invasive, convenient, and controlled drug administration. Modified transdermal patches enhance traditional systems by incorporating technologies such as microneedles, iontophoresis, nano-carriers, and smart responsive materials. These innovations improve drug permeation, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficiency while minimizing systemic side effects. Recent trends focus on delivering a wider range of drugs, including hormones, peptides, proteins, vaccines, and small molecules. Microneedle-based patches allow painless administration of macromolecules previously unsuitable for transdermal delivery. Nanotechnology integration improves solubility, stability, and controlled release of drugs. Smart patches with sensors nable real-time monitoring and personalized drug release for chronic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Current research emphasizes customization, patient adherence, and long-term therapy effectiveness. Transdermal systems now target neurological, psychiatric, dermatological, and immunotherapeutic applications. Clinical studies demonstrate improved pharmacokinetics Advanced fabrication techniques, including 3D printing.</p>

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