https://ijciar.com/index.php/journal International Journal of Current Innovations in Advanced Research en-US Thu, 15 Jan 2026 00:00:00 -0500 OJS 3.3.0.11 http://blogs.law.harvard.edu/tech/rss 60 https://ijciar.com/index.php/journal/article/view/213 <p>The increasing demand for sustainable feed has driven the search for fish meal alternatives. This study evaluated black soldier fly larvae reared on four agro-industrial by-products: soybean meal, broken rice, cottonseed cake, and rapeseed cake. Over 12 days, growth performance, feed conversion ratio, survival rate, and nutritional composition were analyzed. Soybean meal has emerged as the most balanced feed, achieving efficient conversion, robust growth, and high survival rates owing to its protein content. Broken rice showed strong growth potential but lower survival and feed efficiency. Cottonseed cake excelled in FCR but was limited by low survival rates, whereas rapeseed cake displayed a steady performance with moderate growth. This study fills this research gap by examining the available feed substrates and offering practical solutions for livestock farmers. This study discusses the input for agro-industries to shift to a circular economy, net zero, and sustainable production.</p> Balu Amaresh D Joragi, Veeresh Santhebennur Jayappa Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://ijciar.com/index.php/journal/article/view/213 Sat, 21 Mar 2026 00:00:00 -0400 https://ijciar.com/index.php/journal/article/view/212 <p>Transdermal drug delivery has emerged as a promising alternative to oral and injectable routes, offering non-invasive, convenient, and controlled drug administration. Modified transdermal patches enhance traditional systems by incorporating technologies such as microneedles, iontophoresis, nano-carriers, and smart responsive materials. These innovations improve drug permeation, bioavailability, and therapeutic efficiency while minimizing systemic side effects. Recent trends focus on delivering a wider range of drugs, including hormones, peptides, proteins, vaccines, and small molecules. Microneedle-based patches allow painless administration of macromolecules previously unsuitable for transdermal delivery. Nanotechnology integration improves solubility, stability, and controlled release of drugs. Smart patches with sensors nable real-time monitoring and personalized drug release for chronic diseases like diabetes and cardiovascular disorders. Current research emphasizes customization, patient adherence, and long-term therapy effectiveness. Transdermal systems now target neurological, psychiatric, dermatological, and immunotherapeutic applications. Clinical studies demonstrate improved pharmacokinetics Advanced fabrication techniques, including 3D printing.</p> K. Vinod Kumar, SK. Abdul, T. Satya Stephen Babu, P. Rajesh SD, Musthakheem Ali, Y. Gnanendra Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0 https://ijciar.com/index.php/journal/article/view/212 Sun, 15 Mar 2026 00:00:00 -0400